Morality and Other Phases of Human Life
Ethics and Education
-Education develops the whole man
-Education is life
-Ethics is life
Ethics and Education
-Education develops the whole man
-Education is life
-Ethics is life
Ethics and Politics
-Man owes allegiance to the state
-They are inseparable in man’s present existence
Religion and Ethics
-Both of these are based on the same postulates:
a. the existence of the creator
b. freedom of the will in man
c. immorality
-Both have the same end—the attainment of man’s supreme purpose
-Both prescribe the same means for attaining the goal of man: right living
IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS
1. Ethics means right and good moral being, it lies in the development of the moral qualities which lift him from far above brute creation.
2.Education is the harmonious development of whole man, of all man’s faculties, the moral, the intellectual, the physical powers in man but the primary aim of education is the moral development of will.
Tuesday, April 29, 2008
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS (Norms of Morality)
Morality- is the quality of goodness or badness in a human act.
NORMS OF MORALITY
Norms of morality are the standards that indicate the rightfulness or wrongfulness, the goodness or evilness, the value or disvalue of a thing. Obviously, these are qualities that cannot be measured by any mechanical device. They are spiritual qualities that appeal only to reason.
Judges in a contest follow a given criteria for deciding the winner. In like manner, for us to decide what action is good or bad, we need a criteria, a set of principles from which we may deduce a conclusion. Morality therefore, consists in the relation of a thing with a norm.
1. Natural law
It is nothing else than the creature’s participation in the eternal law.
Natural law imprinted in the human nature and man has the light of reason to know it. It is unchangeable because man’s essential nature can never be lost as long as man is a man. It enables man to recognize self-evident principles.
Eternal law-is the plan of God in creating the universe and in assigning to each creature therein a specific nature
- is the divine reason or will o0f God that the natural order of things be preserved and forbidding that is be disturbed.
Principles of Natural Law
1.The primary principle are such that there can be no question of their validity. They are usually expressed as:
(a.) “Do good and avoid evil.”
(b.) “Live a life in accord with reason.”
(c.) “Do unto others what you want others to do unto you.”
2.The secondary principle are mostly affect the relationship of an individual with God and his fellowmen.
3.The tertiary principle are the applications of the first and second principles as interpreted and embodied in the different laws of nations, and international, civil, and religious societies
Conscience
It came from the Latin words cum alia scientia which mean application of knowledge to a specific individual
Three factors that are involved in the morality of an act:
1. the object or act itself
2. the agent or person who does the act
3. the circumstances
NORMS OF MORALITY
Norms of morality are the standards that indicate the rightfulness or wrongfulness, the goodness or evilness, the value or disvalue of a thing. Obviously, these are qualities that cannot be measured by any mechanical device. They are spiritual qualities that appeal only to reason.
Judges in a contest follow a given criteria for deciding the winner. In like manner, for us to decide what action is good or bad, we need a criteria, a set of principles from which we may deduce a conclusion. Morality therefore, consists in the relation of a thing with a norm.
1. Natural law
It is nothing else than the creature’s participation in the eternal law.
Natural law imprinted in the human nature and man has the light of reason to know it. It is unchangeable because man’s essential nature can never be lost as long as man is a man. It enables man to recognize self-evident principles.
Eternal law-is the plan of God in creating the universe and in assigning to each creature therein a specific nature
- is the divine reason or will o0f God that the natural order of things be preserved and forbidding that is be disturbed.
Principles of Natural Law
1.The primary principle are such that there can be no question of their validity. They are usually expressed as:
(a.) “Do good and avoid evil.”
(b.) “Live a life in accord with reason.”
(c.) “Do unto others what you want others to do unto you.”
2.The secondary principle are mostly affect the relationship of an individual with God and his fellowmen.
3.The tertiary principle are the applications of the first and second principles as interpreted and embodied in the different laws of nations, and international, civil, and religious societies
Conscience
It came from the Latin words cum alia scientia which mean application of knowledge to a specific individual
Three factors that are involved in the morality of an act:
1. the object or act itself
2. the agent or person who does the act
3. the circumstances
Voluntariness And Responsibility
Voluntariness and Responsibility
Voluntariness
Comes from the Latin word “voluntas” referring to the will.
Condition or accounts of which an act proceeds with a previous knowledge of the end.
1. Perfect Voluntariness – is present in a person who fully knows and fully intend an act.
2. Imperfect Voluntariness – is present in a person who acts without fully realizing what t he means to do, or without fully intending an act.
3. Conditional Voluntariness – is present in a person who is forced by circumstances beyond his control to perform an act which he would not do under normal conditions.
4. Simple Voluntariness – is present imn a person doing an act willfully, regardless of whether he likes to do it or not.
Types of Voluntariness
1. Direct Voluntariness – an act is directly voluntary when the act is intended fort its own sake, either as a means or as an end.
2. Indirect Voluntariness – is an act which is not intended for its own sake but which merely follows as a regrettable consequence of an action directly willed.
1. Relation between Voluntariness and Ethics.
2. Between Morality and Voluntariness
3. Human acts and Voluntariness
4. Responsibility and Voluntariness
5. Punishment
The Moral Principles involved in Actions having Two Effects
Involves four conditions:
1. The act in itself should be good, or act at least morally indifferent.
2. The good effect must not come from the evil effect.
3. The evil effect should not be directly intended but morally allowed to happen as a regrettable side issue.
4. The good effect must outweigh the evil results in its importance.
Voluntariness
Comes from the Latin word “voluntas” referring to the will.
Condition or accounts of which an act proceeds with a previous knowledge of the end.
1. Perfect Voluntariness – is present in a person who fully knows and fully intend an act.
2. Imperfect Voluntariness – is present in a person who acts without fully realizing what t he means to do, or without fully intending an act.
3. Conditional Voluntariness – is present in a person who is forced by circumstances beyond his control to perform an act which he would not do under normal conditions.
4. Simple Voluntariness – is present imn a person doing an act willfully, regardless of whether he likes to do it or not.
Types of Voluntariness
1. Direct Voluntariness – an act is directly voluntary when the act is intended fort its own sake, either as a means or as an end.
2. Indirect Voluntariness – is an act which is not intended for its own sake but which merely follows as a regrettable consequence of an action directly willed.
1. Relation between Voluntariness and Ethics.
2. Between Morality and Voluntariness
3. Human acts and Voluntariness
4. Responsibility and Voluntariness
5. Punishment
The Moral Principles involved in Actions having Two Effects
Involves four conditions:
1. The act in itself should be good, or act at least morally indifferent.
2. The good effect must not come from the evil effect.
3. The evil effect should not be directly intended but morally allowed to happen as a regrettable side issue.
4. The good effect must outweigh the evil results in its importance.
Friday, April 25, 2008
scope and definition of ethics
Ethics Defined
“In order that peace and happiness will prevail in a community, the actions of man must be governed by the invariable principles of morality.
THE SCOPE AND MEANING OF ETHICS
-Derived from the Greek word “ethos” which means “characteristic way of acting,” its Latin equivalent is “mos, mores” meaning “tradition or custom”
-It studies human acts or human conduct
DEFINITION OF ETHICS
a) Ethics is the practical science of the morality of human actions.
b) Ethics is the scientific inquiry into the principles of morality.
c) Ethics is the science of human acts with reference to right and wrong.
d) Ethics is the study of human conduct from the standpoint of morality.
e) Ethics is the study of the rectitude of human conduct.
f) Ethics is the science that lays down the principles of right living.
g) Ethics is the practical science that guides us in our actions that we may live rightly and well.
h) Ethics is a normative and practical science based on reason, which studies human conduct and provides norm for its natural integrity and honesty.
i) According to Socrates, ethics is the investigation of life.
“Man is endowed by nature with a moral sense. He is self-conscious of his dignity and submits to the duty of doing what is good and avoiding what is wrong.
SCIENCE- systematic study or a system of systematic conclusions clearly demonstrated.
TERMS
MORALITY- the quality of right or wrong in human acts
HUMAN ACTS- acts done wit knowledge and consent.
RELATION OF ETHICS WITH OTHER SCIENCES
Ethics and Logic- science of right thinking
ETHICS- science of right living
Ethics and Psychology
PSYCHOLOGY- studies how man behaves
ETHICS- studies how man “ought” to behave
Ethics and Sociology
SOCIOLOGY- deals with human relations
ETHICS- human relations are based on proper order
Ethics and Economics
ECONOMICS- deals with wage, labor, production, distribution and wealth
ETHICS- deals with the relation between the employee and the employer based on justice and charity
“In order that peace and happiness will prevail in a community, the actions of man must be governed by the invariable principles of morality.
THE SCOPE AND MEANING OF ETHICS
-Derived from the Greek word “ethos” which means “characteristic way of acting,” its Latin equivalent is “mos, mores” meaning “tradition or custom”
-It studies human acts or human conduct
DEFINITION OF ETHICS
a) Ethics is the practical science of the morality of human actions.
b) Ethics is the scientific inquiry into the principles of morality.
c) Ethics is the science of human acts with reference to right and wrong.
d) Ethics is the study of human conduct from the standpoint of morality.
e) Ethics is the study of the rectitude of human conduct.
f) Ethics is the science that lays down the principles of right living.
g) Ethics is the practical science that guides us in our actions that we may live rightly and well.
h) Ethics is a normative and practical science based on reason, which studies human conduct and provides norm for its natural integrity and honesty.
i) According to Socrates, ethics is the investigation of life.
“Man is endowed by nature with a moral sense. He is self-conscious of his dignity and submits to the duty of doing what is good and avoiding what is wrong.
SCIENCE- systematic study or a system of systematic conclusions clearly demonstrated.
TERMS
MORALITY- the quality of right or wrong in human acts
HUMAN ACTS- acts done wit knowledge and consent.
RELATION OF ETHICS WITH OTHER SCIENCES
Ethics and Logic- science of right thinking
ETHICS- science of right living
Ethics and Psychology
PSYCHOLOGY- studies how man behaves
ETHICS- studies how man “ought” to behave
Ethics and Sociology
SOCIOLOGY- deals with human relations
ETHICS- human relations are based on proper order
Ethics and Economics
ECONOMICS- deals with wage, labor, production, distribution and wealth
ETHICS- deals with the relation between the employee and the employer based on justice and charity
Tuesday, April 22, 2008
What Do We Need to Learn?
- FOUNDATIONS OF ETHICS
- SCOPE & MEANING OF ETHICS
- FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
- ETHICS AND LAW
- HUMAN RIGHTS
- ETHICS AND LOVE
- CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS
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